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Country Snapshot: Geography

Location

Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark.

Geographic Coordinates

51 00 N, 9 00 E

Map References

Europe

Area

Total: 357,022 sq km

Land: 348,672 sq km

Water: 8,350 sq km

Country Comparison to the World: 64

Area Comparative: Three times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Montana

Land Boundaries

Total: 3,714 km

Border Countries (9): Austria 801 km, Belgium 133 km, Czech Republic 704 km, Denmark 140 km, France 418 km, Luxembourg 128 km, Netherlands 575 km, Poland 467 km, Switzerland 348 km

Coastline: 2,389 km

Maritime Claims

Territorial Sea: 12 nm

Exclusive Economic Zone: 200 nm

Continental Shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Climate

Temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind.

Terrain

Lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south.

Elevation

Mean Elevation: 263 m

Lowest Point: Neuendorf bei Wilster -3.5 m

Highest Point: Zugspitze 2,963 m

Natural Resources

Coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land.

Land Use

Agricultural Land: 48% (2018 est.)

Arable Land: 34.1% (2018 est.)

Permanent Crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)

Forest: 31.8% (2018 est.)

Other: 20.2% (2018 est.)

Irrigated Land: 6,500 sq km (2012)

Total Renewable Water Resources

154 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Population Distribution

Most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia

Natural Hazards

Flooding