Germany Heads of Government
Olaf Scholz, Chancellor of Germany
- Full Name: Olaf Scholz
- Official Title: Chancellor of Germany
- Assumed Office: 8 December 2021
- Political Party: Social Democratic Party
- Predecessor: Angela Merkel
- Born: 14 June 1958
- Birth Place: Osnabrück, Germany
- Alma Mater: University of Hamburg
- Spouse(s): Britta Ernst
- Previous Positions: Vice-Chancellor
Minister of Finance, 2018 to 2021
Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, 2007 to 2009
First Mayor of Hamburg, 2011 to 2018
Member of German Parliament, 1998 to 2001; 2002 to 2011
Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany
- Full Name: Angela Dorothea Merkel
- Assumed Office: 22 November 2005
- Political Party: Democratic Awakening (1989–1990); Christian Democratic Union (1990–present)
- Predecessor: Gerhard Schröder
- Born: 17 July 1954
- Birth Place: Hamburg, West Germany
- Alma Mater: Leipzig University (B.S.); German Academy of Sciences at Berlin (Ph.D.)
- Spouse(s): Ulrich Merkel (m. 1977, div. 1982); Joachim Sauer (m. 1998)
- Previous Positions: Leader of the Christian Democratic Union; Leader of the CDU/CSU Group in the Bundestag; General Secretary of the Christian Democratic Union; Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety; Minister for Women and Youth; Member of the Bundestag
Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor of Germany
- Full Name: Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder
- Assumed Office: 27 October 1998
- Left Office: 22 November 2005
- Political Party: Social Democratic Party
- Predecessor: Helmut Kohl
- Successor: Angela Merkel
- Born: 7 April 1944
- Birth Place: Blomberg, Free State of Lippe, Nazi Germany
- Alma Mater: University of Göttingen
- Spouse(s): Eva Schubach (m. 1968, div. 1972); Anne Taschenmacher (m. 1972, div. 1984); Hiltrud Hampel (m. 1984, div. 1997); Doris Köpf (m. 1997, div. 2018); So-Yeon Kim (m. 2018)
- Children: 2
- Previous Positions: Leader of the Social Democratic Party; President of the Bundesrat; Minister President of Lower Saxony; Member of the Bundestag for Lower Saxony; Member of the Bundestag for Hannover-Land I
Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany (West Germany)
- Full Name: Helmut Josef Michael Kohl
- Assumed Office: 1 October 1982
- Left Office: 27 October 1998
- Political Party: Christian Democratic Union
- Predecessor: Helmut Schmidt
- Successor: Gerhard Schröder
- Born: 3 April 1930
- Birth Place: Ludwigshafen, Bavaria, Weimar Republic, Germany
- Died: 16 June 2017
- Alma Mater: Heidelberg University
- Spouse(s): Hannelore Renner (m. 1960, died 2001); Maike Richter (m. 2008)
- Children: Walter Kohl; Peter Kohl
- Previous Positions: Leader of the Christian Democratic Union; Leader of the CDU/CSU Group in the Bundestag; Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate; Member of the Bundestag for Rhineland-Palatinate; Member of the Bundestag for Ludwigshafen/Frankenthal
Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of Germany (West Germany)
- Full Name: Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt
- Assumed Office: 16 May 1974
- Left Office: 1 October 1982
- Political Party: Social Democratic Party
- Predecessor: Willy Brandt
- Successor: Helmut Kohl
- Born: 23 December 1918
- Birth Place: Hamburg, Weimar Republic, Germany
- Died: 10 November 2015
- Alma Mater: University of Hamburg
- Spouse(s): Loki Glaser (m. 1942, died 2010)
- Children: 2
- Previous Positions: Federal Minister of Finance (West Germany); Federal Minister for Economics (West Germany); Federal Minister of Defence (West Germany); Leader of the SPD Group in the Bundestag (West Germany); Member of the Bundestag for Hamburg-Bergedorf; Member of the Bundestag for Hamburg; Member of the Bundestag for Hamburg-Nord II; Senator of the Interior of Hamburg
Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany (West Germany)
- Full Name: Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm
- Assumed Office: 22 October 1969
- Left Office: 7 May 1974
- Political Party: Social Democratic (1930–1931, 1948–1992); Socialist Workers' (1931–1946)
- Predecessor: Kurt Georg Kiesinger
- Successor: Helmut Schmidt
- Born: 18 December 1913
- Birth Place: Lübeck, German Empire
- Died: 8 October 1992
- Spouse(s): Carlotta Thorkildsen (1941–1948); Rut Hansen (1948–1980); Brigitte Seebacher [de] (1983–1992)
- Children: 4, including Matthias Brandt
- Previous Positions: Leader of the Social Democratic Party; Vice Chancellor of Germany (West Germany); Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs; Governing Mayor of West Berlin; President of the Bundesrat; President of the Berlin House of Representatives
Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Chancellor of Germany (West Germany)
- Full Name: Kurt Georg Kiesinger
- Assumed Office: 1 December 1966
- Left Office: 21 October 1969
- Political Party: Christian Democratic Union (1946–1988); Nazi Party (1933–1945)
- Predecessor: Ludwig Erhard
- Successor: Willy Brandt
- Born: 6 April 1904
- Birth Place: Ebingen, Württemberg, Germany
- Died: 9 March 1988
- Spouse(s): Marie-Luise Schneider (m. 1932)
- Children: 2
- Previous Positions: Leader of the Christian Democratic Union; Minister President of Baden-Württemberg; Member of the Bundestag for Baden-Württemberg; Member of the Bundestag for Waldshut; Member of the Bundestag for Ravensburg – Bodensee
Ludwig Erhard, Chancellor of Germany (West Germany)
- Full Name: Ludwig Wilhelm Erhard
- Assumed Office: 17 October 1963
- Left Office: 30 November 1966
- Political Party: Independent
- Predecessor: Konrad Adenauer
- Successor: Kurt Georg Kiesinger
- Born: 4 February 1897
- Birth Place: Fürth, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire
- Died: 5 May 1977
- Alma Mater: Goethe University Frankfurt (Ph.D.)
- Spouse(s): Luise Erhard
- Children: 1
- Previous Positions: Leader of the Christian Democratic Union; Vice Chancellor of Germany (West Germany); Federal Minister for Economics; Member of the Bundestag; Military service
Walter Scheel, President of Germany (West Germany)
- Full Name: Walter Scheel
- Assumed Office: 1 July 1974
- Left Office: 30 June 1979
- Political Party: Free Democratic Party; Nazi Party (1942–1945)
- Predecessor: Gustav Heinemann
- Successor: Karl Carstens
- Born: 8 July 1919
- Birth Place: Höhscheid, Rhine Province, Prussia, Germany
- Died: 24 August 2016
- Death Place: Bad Krozingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Spouse(s): Eva Charlotte Kronenberg (m. 1942–1966); Mildred Wirtz (m. 1969–1985); Barbara Wiese (m. 1988–2016)
- Children: Ulrich; Cornelia; Simon Martin; Andrea-Gwendoline
- Previous Positions: Chancellor of Germany (West Germany) Acting; Vice Chancellor of Germany (West Germany); Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs; Vice President of the Bundestag; Member of e European Parliament for West Germany; Member of the Bundestag
Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany (West Germany)
- Full Name: Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer
- Assumed Office: 15 September 1949
- Left Office: 11 October 1963
- Political Party: Centre Party (1906–1933); Christian Democratic Union (1945–1967)
- Predecessor: Position Established
- Successor: Ludwig Erhard
- Born: 5 January 1876
- Birth Place: Cologne, Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
- Died: 19 April 1967
- Alma Mater: University of Freiburg; University of Munich; University of Bonn; a Leader of the Christian Democratic Union in the British Zone of Occupation since 1 March 1946.
- Spouse(s): Emma Weyer (1904–1916); Auguste Zinsser (1919–1948)
- Children: 8
- Previous Positions: Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs; Leader of the Christian Democratic Union; Mayor of Cologne; President of the Prussian State Council; Member of the Bundestag for Bonn
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, Chancellor of Germany
- Full Name: Johann Ludwig Schwerin von Krosigk
- Assumed Office: 2 May 1945
- Left Office: 23 May 1945
- Political Party: Nazi (1944)
- Predecessor: Joseph Goebbels
- Successor: Konrad Adenauer (1949, Chancellor of West Germany); Otto Grotewohl (1949, Prime Minister of East Germany); Helmut Kohl (1990, Chancellor of United Germany)
- Born: 22 August 1887
- Birth Place: Rathmannsdorf, Duchy of Anhalt, German Empire
- Died: 4 March 1977
- Alma Mater: University of Halle; University of Lausanne; Oriel College, Oxford
- Children: 9
- Previous Positions: Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs; Reich Minister of Finance
Joseph Goebbels, Chancellor of Nazi Germany
- Full Name: Paul Joseph Goebbels
- Assumed Office: 30 April 1945
- Left Office: 1 May 1945
- Political Party: Nazi Party (NSDAP) (1924–1945)
- Predecessor: Adolf Hitler
- Successor: Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk
- Born: 29 October 1897
- Birth Place: Rheydt, Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
- Died: 1 May 1945
- Alma Mater: University of Bonn; University of Würzburg; University of Freiburg; University of Heidelberg
- Spouse(s): Magda Ritschel (m. 1931)
- Children: Helga; Hildegard; Helmut; Holdine; Hedwig; Heidrun
- Previous Positions: Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War; Reichsminister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda; Gauleiter of Berlin
Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany
- Full Name: Adolf Hitler
- Assumed Office: 30 January 1933
- Left Office: 30 April 1945
- Political Party: Nazi Party (1921–1945)
- Predecessor: Kurt von Schleicher
- Successor: Joseph Goebbels
- Born: 20 April 1889
- Birth Place: Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary
- Died: 30 April 1945
- Spouse(s): Eva Braun (m. 1945)
- Previous Positions: Führer of the Nazi Party; Military Service
Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Kurt Ferdinand Friedrich Hermann von Schleicher
- Assumed Office: 3 December 1932
- Left Office: 28 January 1933
- Predecessor: Franz von Papen
- Successor: Adolf Hitler
- Born: 7 April 1882
- Birth Place: Brandenburg an der Havel, German Empire
- Died: 30 June 1934
- Alma Mater: Prussian Military Academy
- Previous Positions: Minister President of Prussia; Reich Minister of Defense; Military Service
Franz von Papen, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Erbsälzer zu Werl und Neuwerk Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen
- Assumed Office: 1 June 1932
- Left Office: 17 November 1932
- Political Party: Zentrum (1918–1932); Independent (1932–1938); Nazi Party (NSDAP; 1938–1945)
- Predecessor: Heinrich Brüning
- Successor: Kurt von Schleicher
- Born: 29 October 1879
- Birth Place: Werl, Province of Westphalia, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
- Died: 2 May 1969
- Alma Mater: Prussian Military Academy
- Spouse(s): Martha von Boch-Galhau (m. 1905, died 1961)
- Children: Friedrich Franz; Antoinette; Margaretha; Isabella; Stefanie
- Previous Positions: Vice-Chancellor of the German Reich; Reichskomissar of Prussia; Military Service
Heinrich Brüning, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Heinrich Aloysius Maria Elisabeth Brüning
- Assumed Office: 30 March 1930
- Left Office: 30 May 1932
- Political Party: Zentrum
- Predecessor: Hermann Müller
- Successor: Franz von Papen
- Born: 26 November 1885
- Birth Place: Münster, Province of Westphalia, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
- Died: 30 March 1970
- Previous Positions: Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs; Reich Minister of Finance (acting); Centre Party Chairman; Military service
Hermann Müller, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Hermann Müller
- Assumed Office: 28 June 1928
- Left Office: 27 March 1930
- Political Party: SPD
- Predecessor: Wilhelm Marx
- Successor: Heinrich Brüning
- Born: 18 May 1876
- Birth Place: Mannheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Empire
- Died: 20 March 1931
- Spouse(s): Frieda Tockus (1902–1905); Gottliebe Jaeger (1909–)
- Children: 1
- Previous Positions: Foreign Minister of Germany
Hans Luther, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Hans Luther
- Assumed Office: 15 January 1925
- Left Office: 12 May 1926
- Predecessor: Wilhelm Marx
- Successor: Wilhelm Marx
- Born: 10 March 1879
- Birth Place: Berlin, Prussia, German Empire
- Died: 10 March 1879
- Death Place: Düsseldorf, West Germany
Wilhelm Marx, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Wilhelm Marx
- Assumed Office: 17 May 1926
- Left Office: 12 June 1928
- Political Party: Centre
- Predecessor: Hans Luther
- Successor: Hermann Müller
- Born: 15 January 1863
- Birth Place: Cologne, Germany
- Died: 5 August 1946
- Spouse(s): Johanna Verkoyen
- Children: 4
- Previous Positions: Reich Justice Minister; Reich Minister for the Occupied Territories; Minister President of Prussia; Centre Party Chairman
Wilhelm Marx, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Wilhelm Marx
- Assumed Office: 30 November 1923
- Left Office: 15 January 1925
- Political Party: Centre
- Predecessor: Gustav Stresemann
- Successor: Hans Luther
- Born: 15 January 1863
- Birth Place: Cologne, Germany
- Died: 5 August 1946
- Spouse(s): Johanna Verkoyen
- Children: 4
- Previous Positions: Reich Justice Minister; Reich Minister for the Occupied Territories; Minister President of Prussia; Centre Party Chairman
Gustav Stresemann, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Gustav Ernst Stresemann
- Assumed Office: 13 August 1923
- Left Office: 30 November 1923
- Political Party: National Liberal Party (1907–1918); German Democratic Party (1918); German People's Party (1918–1929)
- Predecessor: Wilhelm Cuno
- Successor: Wilhelm Marx
- Born: 10 May 1878
- Birth Place: Berlin, German Empire
- Died: 3 October 1929
- Spouse(s): Käte Kleefeld
- Children: Wolfgang; Hans-Joachim
- Previous Positions: Minister of Foreign Affairs
Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Wilhelm Carl Josef Cuno
- Assumed Office: 22 November 1922
- Left Office: 12 August 1923
- Predecessor: Joseph Wirth
- Successor: Gustav Stresemann
- Born: 2 July 1876
- Birth Place: Suhl, German Empire
- Died: 3 January 1933
- Spouse(s): Martha Berta Wirtz
- Children: 3
Joseph Wirth, Chancellor of Germany
- Full Name: Karl Joseph Wirth
- Assumed Office: 10 May 1921
- Left Office: 14 November 1922
- Political Party: Zentrum; Christian Democratic Union of Germany; Alliance of Germans
- Predecessor: Constantin Fehrenbach
- Successor: Wilhelm Cuno
- Born: 6 September 1879
- Birth Place: Freiburg im Breisgau, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Empire
- Died: 3 January 1956
- Previous Positions: Foreign Minister of Germany (acting); Reich Finance Minister; Reich Minister of the Interior; Reich Minister for the Occupied Territories
Constantin Fehrenbach, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Constantin Fehrenbach
- Assumed Office: 25 June 1920
- Left Office: 4 May 1921
- Political Party: Centre Party
- Predecessor: Hermann Müller
- Successor: Joseph Wirth
- Born: 11 January 1852
- Died: 26 March 1926
- Previous Positions: President of the Weimar National Assembly
Hermann Müller, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Hermann Müller
- Assumed Office: 27 March 1920
- Left Office: 21 June 1920
- Political Party: SPD
- Predecessor: Gustav Bauer
- Successor: Constantin Fehrenbach
- Born: 18 May 1876
- Birth Place: Mannheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Empire
- Died: 20 March 1931
- Spouse(s): Frieda Tockus (1902–1905); Gottliebe Jaeger (1909–)
- Children: 1
- Previous Positions: Foreign Minister of Germany
Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany
- Full Name: Gustav Adolf Bauer
- Assumed Office: 21 June 1919
- Left Office: 26 March 1920
- Political Party: Social Democratic Party of Germany
- Predecessor: Philipp Scheidemann
- Successor: Hermann Müller
- Born: 6 January 1870
- Birth Place: Darkehmen, East Prussia, Kingdom of Prussia, North German Confederation
- Died: 16 September 1944
- Spouse(s): Hedwig Moch
- Previous Positions: Vice-Chancellor of Germany; Reich Minister of the Treasury; Reich Minister of Labour; State Secretary of the Reich Labor Office; Reich Minister of Transport
Philipp Scheidemann, Chancellor of Germany
- Full Name: Philipp Heinrich Scheidemann
- Assumed Office: 13 February 1919
- Left Office: 20 June 1919
- Political Party: Social Democratic Party (1883–1939)
- Predecessor: Friedrich Ebert
- Successor: Gustav Bauer
- Born: 26 July 1865
- Birth Place: Kassel, Electorate of Hesse, Germany
- Died: 29 November 1939
- Spouse(s): Johanna Dibbern
- Children: Lina; Liese; Hedwig
- Previous Positions: Co-Chairman of the Council of the People's Deputies; Member of the Council of the People's Deputies responsible for Finance; Minister for the Colonies; State Secretary without portfolio; Mayor of Kassel
Friedrich Ebert, Chancellor of Germany (Weimar Republic)
- Full Name: Friedrich Ebert
- Assumed Office: 9 November 1918
- Left Office: 13 February 1919
- Political Party: Social Democratic Party of Germany
- Predecessor: Maximilian von Baden
- Successor: Philipp Scheidemann
- Born: 4 February 1871
- Birth Place: Heidelberg, Baden, German Empire
- Died: 28 February 1925
- Spouse(s): Louise Ebert
- Children: Friedrich (1894–1979); Georg (1896–1917); Heinrich (1897–1917); Karl (1899–1975); Amalie (1900–1931)
- Previous Positions: Prime Minister of Prussia
Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of the German Empire
- Full Name: Maximilian Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm
- Assumed Office: 3 October 1918
- Left Office: 9 November 1918
- Predecessor: Georg von Hertling
- Successor: Friedrich Ebert (as Chancellor of the Weimar Republic)
- Born: 10 July 1867
- Birth Place: Baden-Baden, Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany
- Died: 6 November 1929
- Spouse(s): Princess Marie Louise of Hanover (m. 1900)
- Children: Princess Marie Alexandra of Baden; Berthold, Margrave of Baden
- Previous Positions: 19th Minister President of Prussia; Foreign minister of Prussia
Georg von Hertling, Chancellor of the German Empire
- Full Name: Georg Friedrich Karl Freiherr
- Assumed Office: 1 November 1917
- Left Office: 30 September 1918
- Political Party: Centre
- Predecessor: Georg Michaelis
- Successor: Maximilian von Baden
- Born: 31 August 1843
- Birth Place: Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Confederation
- Died: 4 January 1919
- Spouse(s): Anna Freiin von Biegeleben (1845–1919)
- Children: Maria Gisberta; Karl; Agnes Maria Franziska; Anna Maria Franziska
- Previous Positions: 18th Minister President of Prussia; 26th Minister President of the Kingdom of Bavaria
Georg Michaelis, Chancellor of the German Empire
- Full Name: Georg Michaelis
- Assumed Office: 14 July 1917
- Left Office: 1 November 1917
- Political Party: None as Chancellor, later the German National People's Party
- Predecessor: Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
- Successor: Georg von Hertling
- Born: 8 September 1857
- Birth Place: Haynau, Province of Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia, Germany
- Died: 24 July 1936
- Spouse(s): Margarete Schmidt
- Children: Elisabeth; Charlotte; Emma; Georg Sylvester; Wilhelm; Eva; Martha
Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, Chancellor of the German Empire
- Full Name: Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von Bethmann-Hollweg
- Assumed Office: 14 July 1909
- Left Office: 13 July 1917
- Political Party: Independent
- Predecessor: Bernhard von Bülow
- Successor: Georg Michaelis
- Born: 29 November 1856
- Birth Place: Hohenfinow, Kingdom of Prussia, Germany
- Died: 1 January 1921
- Previous Positions: Minister President of Prussia; Vice Chancellor of the German Empire; Secretary of State of the Interior
Bernhard von Bülow, Chancellor of the German Empire
- Full Name: Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin von Bülow
- Assumed Office: 17 October 1900
- Left Office: 14 July 1909
- Predecessor: Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst
- Successor: Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
- Born: 3 May 1849
- Birth Place: Klein-Flottbeck, Duchy of Holstein in the German Confederation
- Died: 28 October 1929
- Alma Mater: University of Lausanne; University of Berlin; University of Leipzig; University of Greifswald
- Spouse(s): Maria Beccadelli di Bologna
- Previous Positions: Minister President of Prussia; Secretary of State of Foreign Affairs; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Prussia
Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of the German Empire
- Full Name: Chlodwig Carl Viktor
- Assumed Office: 29 October 1894
- Left Office: 17 October 1900
- Political Party: Independent
- Predecessor: Leo von Caprivi
- Successor: Bernhard von Bülow
- Born: 31 March 1819
- Birth Place: Rotenburg an der Fulda, Electorate of Hesse, German Confederation
- Died: 6 July 1901
- Spouse(s): Marie von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn
- Children: Philipp Ernst; Elisabeth Constanze Leonille; Stephanie Marie Antonie; Albert; Alexander; Moritz
- Previous Positions: Secretary of State of Foreign Affairs; Minister President of Bavaria
Leo von Caprivi, Chancellor of the German Empire
- Full Name: Georg Leo Graf von Caprivi de Caprera de Montecuccoli
- Assumed Office: 20 March 1890
- Left Office: 26 October 1894
- Political Party: Independent
- Predecessor: Otto von Bismarck
- Successor: Chlodwig von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
- Born: 24 February 1831
- Birth Place: Berlin, Prussia (Now Germany)
- Died: 6 February 1899
- Previous Positions: Minister President of Prussia; Chief of the Imperial Admiralty; Military Service
Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of the German Empire
- Full Name: Otto Eduard Leopold
- Assumed Office: 21 March 1871
- Left Office: 20 March 1890
- Political Party: Independent
- Predecessor: Position Established
- Successor: Leo von Caprivi
- Born: 1 April 1815
- Birth Place: Schönhausen, Kreis Jerichow II, Province of Saxony, Kingdom of Prussia (Now Germany)
- Died: 30 July 1898
- Alma Mater: University of Göttingen; University of Berlin; University of Greifswald
- Spouse(s): Johanna von Puttkamer (1847–1894, her death)
- Children: Marie; Herbert; Wilhelm
- Previous Positions: Chancellor of the North German Confederation (1 July 1867 – 21 March 1871); Minister of Foreign Affairs (23 November 1862 – 20 March 1890)
Copyright © 1993—2024 World Trade Press. All rights reserved.